socage · hard work, slavery
çekim: çoğul Fronen · tamlayan Fronen
eş: Fronarbeit, Frondienst
köken: From Middle High German vrōn(e) (“rule, lordship”), from vrōn (“holy”, literally “belonging to Gods”), from Old High German frōno (“(possession) of the gods”), genitive plural of frō (“Lord, God”), from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjō.
corvee (labour due to a feudal lord; labour on roads) · drudgery; chore · fatigue; menial task
çekim: çoğul corvées
eş: besogne
köken: Inherited from Late Latin conrogāta [opera], from the feminine past participle of Latin conrogō.
aile: corvéable, corvée de bois, corvée de chiottes, corvée de glandes, corvée de pluches, corvéïeur
corvée
çekim: çoğul corveas
Rusça 🔊 ба́рщина , ка́торга , ка́торжные рабо́ты , принуди́тельные рабо́ты
corvee, forced unpaid labour
köken: Inherited from Middle Persian byk'l (/bēgār/, “corvee, forced labour”).
🔊 گفت عیسی یا رب این اسرار چیست میل این ابله درین بیگار چیست
Azerice 🔊 biyar , məcburi əmək
Kırgızca 🔊 мажбурлоо эмгеги
forced labor
köken: From مەجبۇرىي (mejburiy) + ئەمگەك (emgek).
forced labor (US), forced labour (UK)
köken: Compound of dwang + arbeid.
🔊 De oud-rechter kreeg dertig jaar dwangarbeid voor collaboratie tijdens de dictatuur.
Portekizce 🔊 corvea , trabalho forçado
Yunanca 🔊 καταναγκαστική εργασία
forced labor
köken: Compound of 強(きょう)制(せい) (kyōsei, “compulsion, imposition, enforcement, coercion”) + 労(ろう)働(どう) (rōdō, “labor; labour”).
🔊 強制労働で家族を失った。
forced labor
çekim: çoğul tvångsarbeten · tamlayan tvångsarbetes
köken: tvång + -s- + arbete
aile: tvångsarbetsanstalt, tvångsarbetsläger
Lehçe 🔊 pańszczyzna , praca przymusowa (dişil) /paɲˈʂt͡ʂɘz.na/ serfdom, servitude
çekim: tamlayan pańszczyzny
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš Proto-Iranian *gā́wšder. Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- Proto-Iranian *pāna-der. Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ Old Polish pan Polish pan Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ Old Polish -ski Polish -ski Polish pański Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder. Proto-Slavic *-izna Old Polish…
Ukraynaca 🔊 па́нщина , примусова праця
Hintçe 🔊 बेगार (eril) /beː.ɡɑːɾ/ forced labor, unpaid labour
çekim: çoğul बेगारों
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian بیگار (bē-gār, “forced labour”). By surface analysis, बे- (be-, “without”) + -गार (-gār, “doer”).
forced labor
çekim: çoğul pakkotyöt · tamlayan pakkotyön
köken: pakko + työ
aile: pakkotyöleiri, pakkotyövanki
Çekçe 🔊 nucená práce , robota (dişil) /ˈrobota/ serfdom, villeinage · corvee · any arduous work; drudgery, grind, slog
çekim: çoğul roboty · tamlayan roboty
eş: dřina, lopota
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas Proto-Slavic *orbъ Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *orbiti Proto-Indo-European *-otéh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ Proto-Slavic *-ota Proto-Slavic *orbota Old Czech robota Czech robota…
aile: robot, robotník, robotovat
serfdom, corvee (feudal system that includes serfs) · serfdom, corvee (state of being a serf) · serfdom, corvee (unpaid labor required by a feudal lord)
çekim: çoğul jobbágyságok
köken: From jobbágy (“serf”) + -ság (-ness).
Latince 🔊 conrogāta , opera , servitium dēterminātum /ˈɔ.pɛ.ra/ work, pains, exertion, effort, labour · service, rendering of a service · (especially with dō) care, attention, exertion bestowed on something (or someone, especially a teacher)
çekim: çoğul operae · tamlayan operae
köken: From opus, operis n (“work”), via reinterpretation of its nominative plural form as a feminine singular noun.
aile: opella, operae prētium, operor, operōsus
🔊 operae non est (+ infinitive)
🔊 […] nec hōc tempore sine hominum operā aut pāscere eās aut domāre aut tuērī aut tempestīvōs frūctūs ex iīs capere possēmus
🔊 […] Cn. Pūpium, quī est in operīs eius societātis […]
forced labor
çekim: tamlayan tvangsarbejdes
köken: From tvang (“forcing, coercion”) + -s- + arbejde (“work”)
Vietnamca 🔊 lao động cưỡng bức
Bulgarca 🔊 кулу́к , принудителен труд