köken: Inherited from Middle French -iesme, from Old French -esme, from Latin -ēsimus, via Vulgar Latin *-ĕsimus with irregular short *-e-, with analogy with ordinal numbers of tens like vīcēsimus or trīcēsimus.
forms relational and possessive adjectives from nouns describing animals and people: -'s, -ine, -ian
eş: -j, -ячий, -ичий, -евий
köken: Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ии (-ii), further from Proto-Slavic *-ьjь, whose native descendant *-ей (*-jej) was displaced (compare и́ней (ínej) [ˈinʲɪj] from Proto-Slavic *jьnьjь and пыре́й (pyréj) [pɨˈrʲej] from Proto-Slavic *pyrьjь).
Makes commands or requests more persuasive. · Appended to a second-person imperative with the particle -pa/-pä to give a command or request a slightly more persuasive or inspiring tone. · Appended to the impersonal indicative present form to soften the command or request or to make it more persuasive.
köken: Contracted from the second-person singular pronoun sa, sä (sinä in modern standard language), but no longer tied to being used in second-person.
köken: From Malay ke-, from Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika- (“prefix for ordinal numerals”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sika- (“prefix for ordinal numbers”).
Related to, in the manner of, of. Ending for all adjectives in Esperanto. · Belonging to, of. Ending for all possessive pronouns in Esperanto. · Used to form the ordinal numeral.
köken: From feminine singular adjectives (and nouns) of the Romance languages, such as French ma, Italian mia, Spanish mía, fría.