rough · hirsute, hairy
çekim: karşılaştırma rauer · üstünlük am rauesten
köken: From Middle High German rūch, from Old High German rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. Though etymologically justified, the silent h was abolished in 1996 because rauh was the only word in which it was used after the diphthong -au-. Cognate with Dutch ruig and ruw, English rough (which see).
aile: anrauen, aufrauen, Raubein, Rauheit, Raunacht
🔊 Tiere, die in rauem Klima leben, sind oft klüger als ihre Artgenossen aus gemäßigten Breiten, das legen verschiedene Studien nahe.
hoarse, raspy (afflicted by a dry, quite harsh voice)
köken: Inherited from Old French raucus, borrowed from Latin raucus. Compare also enrouer.
aile: rauquement
🔊 voix rauque
Rusça 🔊 гру́бый , просто́й , хри́плый
noisy
çekim: karşılaştırma lawaaieriger · üstünlük lawaaierigst
eş: lawaaiig
köken: From lawaai + -ig.
crude, untreated, unrefined, unprocessed, raw
eş: ανεπεξέργαστος, αλάξευτος
köken: Learned borrowing from Koine Greek ἀκατέργαστος (akatérgastos, “uncultivated; undigested”).
hoarse, croaky
çekim: karşılaştırma bardziej ochrypły · üstünlük najbardziej ochrypły
eş: chrypliwy, ochrypnięty
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab Proto-Slavic *o(b) Proto-Slavic *o(b)- Old Polish o- Polish o- Proto-Slavic *xripěti Polish chrypiećdeverb. Polish chrypa Proto-Indo-European *-né-der. Proto-Slavic *-nǫti Polish -nąć Polish chrypnąć Polish ochrypnąć Proto-Indo-European *-lós Proto-Slavic *-lъ Old Polish -ły Polish -ły Polish ochrypły From ochrypnąć + -ły.
aile: ochrypłość
rough, coarse, harsh (not smooth, uneven) · coarse (composed of large particles) · rough, broad (approximate; hasty or careless)
çekim: karşılaştırma karkeampi · üstünlük karkein
köken: From Proto-Finnic *karkëda, from Proto-Finno-Permic *karketa. * (unrefined): A semantic loan from other European languages; compare French gros, German grob. The antonym hieno (“fine; refined”) is likewise similarly semantically informed by other languages.
aile: karjeta, karkaista, karkea vehnäjauho, karkeahko, karkeasti, karkeis-, karkeistaa, karkeus, karkeuttaa, karkeutua
hoarse · harsh, rough, grating, husky (sound) · raucous
köken: Etymology tree Latin rāvis Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Italic *-kos Latin -cus Latin raucus From rāvis (“hoarseness”) + -cus.
coarse, rough, rugged (of texture) · harsh, severe, arduous (of effort, work) · rough, approximate, inexact (of result, guess)
çekim: karşılaştırma по́-гру́би · üstünlük на́й-гру́би
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *grǫbъ /*grubъ via a Western dialect; possibly reinforced by Russian гру́бый (grúbyj).
aile: грубя́, грубе́я, грубова́т, грубови́т, гру́бичък, груба́к, грубия́н
🔊 груб строе́ж
🔊 гру́бо поведе́ние
🔊 груб чове́к
hoarse, raucous, husky · gravelly (of a voice: unpleasantly harsh or rasping)
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese rouco (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin raucus. Compare Portuguese rouco.
aile: enrouquecer, roucón
loud, noisy, raucous, clamorous
çekim: karşılaştırma callánaí · üstünlük is callánaí
köken: From callán (“racket, clamour”) + -ach.
mi 🔊 pākinakina , rengarenga , tīhoihoi