köken: From Middle High German bire, bir, from Old High German bira, pira, from Vulgar Latin pira, reanalysis of the plural of Latin pirum. Early Modern German birn is from the Middle High German plural and dative/genitive singular, whence a double plural birnen was formed. The contemporary Birne is a new backformation from this plural (perhaps influenced also by the older, still dialectal form bire).…
köken: Borrowed from Russian карто́шка (kartóška), from карто́фель (kartófelʹ), from German Kartoffel, from Italian tartufolo, diminutive of tartufo (“truffle”), from Medieval Latin *territūberum or Latin terrae tūber (“tuber of the earth”).
potato (tuber eaten as vegetable) · potato plant (Solanum tuberosum)
çekim: çoğul aardappelen
eş: pieper, patat, cyclaam, varkensbrood, sufferd
köken: From Middle Dutch erdappel (“hog's bread”), equivalent to aarde (“soil, earth, ground”) + appel (“apple”), cognate with Middle Low German erdappel (modern Low German Erdappel), Old High German erdapful (“pumpkin, squash, melon”) (modern German Erdapfel (“potato”)), West Frisian ierappel (“potato”), Old English eorþæppel (“cucumber”) (rare modern English earthapple (“potato”)), Danish jordæble.…
köken: Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 감저 (甘藷, gamjeo, “lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta)”). First attested 1766 in Korea, then referring to the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The word came to refer to both potato and sweet potato in the nineteenth century, and later lost its original meaning.
köken: Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀆𑀮𑀼𑀕 (āluga), from Sanskrit आलुक (āluka, “elephant foot yam”). Doublet of आलु (ālu) and आलुक (āluk). The word began to be used in the sense "potato" after the importation of potatoes to South Asia from the Americas by Europeans, displacing cultivation of the similar elephant foot yam.
pear (fruit) · pear (tree) · barrel (part of a clarinet which connects the mouthpiece and upper joint)
çekim: çoğul päärynät · tamlayan päärynän
köken: Borrowed from Swedish päron. Doublet of peruna, an older borrowing. First attested in 1750 as maapäärynä (“potato”, literally “ground pear”), and first in the current sense in 1776 (in päärynäpuu (“pear tree”)). Compare Karelian piärynä.
köken: Of Lower Sorbian origin. Compare Bramborska (“Brandenburg”). Interpreted as "crop from Brandenburg", as imported to Bohemia by Prussian soldiers during the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–1779).