to establish; to enforce; to cause to become prevalent, accepted, or effective · to establish oneself; to become prevalent, accepted, or effective · to assert oneself; to win; to have one's will
çekim: geçmiş setzte durch · ortaç durchgesetzt · şimdiki setzt durch · ulaç durchsetzend
to enforce, to maintain, to uphold · to persevere with, to persist with/in · to remain in charge, to remain in place
çekim: geçmiş handhaafden · ortaç gehandhaafd · şimdiki handhaaft · ulaç handhavend
köken: From Middle Dutch hanthaven, from Middle High German hanthaben, itself a calque from Old French maintenir, from Vulgar Latin manūteneō. Likely based also on Middle Dutch handhave (“handle”). Cognate with German handhaben.
to stay up, stay awake (to remain awake, to not go to bed) · to oversee, supervise, superintend, guide · to watch, keep an eye on
çekim: geçmiş valvonut · şimdiki valvoo · ulaç valvova
köken: Proto-Finnic *valvadak + -oa (the base verb valvaa is only found in dialects). Cognate to Estonian valvama and Karelian valvuo. Possibly further related to valaa, or borrowed from Proto-Germanic *walwijaną.