köken: From Middle High German gewiter, gewitere, from Old High German giwitiri, from Proto-West Germanic *gawidri, from Proto-Germanic *gawidriją, documented since the 9th century AD, equivalent to ge- + Wetter. Cognate with Hunsrik Gewitter. Distantly cognate in structure to English aweather.
köken: From Latin tormenta, plural of tormentum. The lack of a diphthong may be explained by influence from the learned borrowing tormento, or because it may have been a nautical loan from another language such as Portuguese tormenta, or possibly Old French (cf. modern French tourmente).
aile: tormenta de arena, tormenta de citocinas, tormenta de citoquinas, tormenta de ideas, tormenta de polvo, tormenta ígnea
köken: Ultimately from Old Persian *𐎴𐎡𐏀𐎣 (*n-i-z-k /naizaka-/), borrowed from Old Median *náyzakam, from Proto-Iranian *náyjakam, derived from *náyjam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *náyȷ́žʰam (“spear, sharp tip”). Compare Middle Persian nyck' (nēzag), Persian نیزه (neyze, nêza), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀- (naēza-), and Arabic نَيْزَك (nayzak). Doublet of найза (naiza).
köken: From earlier onweder, from Middle Dutch onweder, from Old Dutch *unwedar, from Proto-Germanic *unwedrą. Equivalent to on- + weer (literally “unweather”). Cognate with English unweather, German Unwetter, Swedish oväder.
köken: Cognate with Chut [Mày] katoŋ¹ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018). The spelling giông appears to arise from hypercorrection and is often attributed to Vũ Trọng Phụng's Giông Tố (1936), but there are plenty of examples of giông that predate the novel; for example, it is attested in the second volume of Nam Kỳ phong tục nhơn vật diễn ca (1909).