eş: come mai ?, in base a che cosa ?, per quale causa ?, per quale motivo?, per quale ragione?, per quale scopo?
köken: Univerbation of per (“for”) + che (“which”), probably inherited from Vulgar Latin. Compare Neapolitan pecché, Sicilian pirchì, and further Romance parallels such as Sardinian pro chite, French pourquoi, Spanish porque/por qué, Portuguese porque/por que.
creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to · creates a subordinate clause in which the speaker believes the following event would be good; to, that, had better, may · creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to
eş: by, aby, ażeby
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ís Proto-Balto-Slavic *is Proto-Slavic *jь Proto-Indo-European *gʰe Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge Proto-Slavic *že Proto-Slavic *jь že Old Polish że Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Proto-Slavic *by Old Polish by Old Polish -by Old Polish żeby…
that (conjunction indicating that the subordinate clause is the object of the verb of the main clause) · that (introducing a subordinate clause expressing a result, consequence or effect) · that (introducing a subordinate clause expressing a reason or cause)
eş: jotta
köken: From Proto-Finnic *että, from Proto-Uralic *e- (“this”) + -tta (suffix indicating manner). Cognate with Estonian et, Erzya эте (ete), while the Uralic root is also found in Hungarian ez. According to Häkkinen (2004), the original sense was probably “like this, thus”; semantic influence from the similar-sounding Swedish att, Old Swedish at is likely, and probably occurred in the written language.
aile: sekä ... että
On hauskaa, että tulit.
Tiedän, että osaan tehdä sen.
Hän sanoi, että kaikki kääntyisi vielä parhain päin.
Introduces a subordinate clause. · Used after preposition or adverb to turn it into a conjunction serving to introduce an adverbial clause. · who, which
köken: Likely a reduced form of the relativizer אֲשֶׁר (ashér).
with the conditional, indicating purpose, sometimes cause; sometimes correlating with tāpēc, tādēļ in the main clause; so that, in order to, in order that · indicating concession, especially in the combinations lai gan, lai arī; though, although, even though · after certain verbs, introducing a direct object clause; that, for ... to, to
köken: Traditionally, lai is derived from the imperative form of the verb laist (“to allow, to permit”) (quod vide): laid → lai, an evolution reminiscent of Russian пускай (puskaj), пусть (pustʹ, “let, so be”) from пускать (puskatʹ, “to allow, to permit”). The form laid is indeed attested as a conjunction in the earliest sources. This view, however, has been recently criticized on the basis that Latvian…
lai varētu labāk pārredzēt apkārtni, bija jāuzkāpj tornī
kad viņa, laimīgi smiedamās, pacēla savu glāzi, lai saskandinātu ar viesiem, es noraudzījos ar klusu skaudību
gājējiem jāraugās, lai dēļa vaļējais gals neiesistu pa pieri
köken: From Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃al, itself from Proto-Celtic *samalis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Breton evel, Cornish avel, Irish samhail, Latin similis.
that (used to introduce a subordinate clause) · used to introduce a subjunctive optative · until, till
köken: From Old Irish co, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with German ge- (“with”) (collective prefix) and gegen (“toward, against”), English gain-, Spanish con (“with”), Russian ко (ko, “to”).