köken: From Persian مقاله， from Arabic مَقَالَة (maqāla, “article, essay”). Cognate with Kyrgyz макала (makala), Turkish makale, Azerbaijani məqalə, Turkmen makaala, Uzbek maqola, etc.
köken: Borrowed from English essay (“essay”), from Middle French essai (“essay; attempt, assay”), from Old French essai, from Latin exagium (whence the neuter gender).
meditation, contemplation · rumination (deep thought or consideration)
çekim: çoğul διαλογισμοί · tamlayan διαλογισμού
eş: σκέψη, στοχασμός, συλλογισμός
köken: Learned borrowing from Koine Greek διαλογισμός (dialogismós, “balancing of accounts”) (directly inherited from Koine Greek in the 'deep thought' sense). By surface analysis, διαλογίζομαι (dialogízomai) + -μός (-mós).
matter, material, substance · subject, discipline (particular area of study, especially one taught in a school) · essay (written composition of moderate length exploring a particular issue or subject written as part of one's schoolwork)
çekim: çoğul aineet · tamlayan aineen
köken: From *aineh, related to Karelian aineh and Estonian aine (loan from Finnish), probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *afniz (compare Swedish ämne (“matter, subject”)). The correspondence of Germanic *f with Finnish i may seem exceptional, but has a parallel in eine. The sense “essay” was coined by Finnish folklorist and linguist Daniel Europaeus in 1853 (as ainekirjoitus).