•Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects · Used in compounds to indicate the completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signification of the simple word
Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb: · Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying. · Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort.
köken: From Middle High German er-, from Old High German ir-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, English a-. Doublet of ur-. Compare the use of English up in various verb constructions to emphasize a result, such as rustle up, work up, etc.
to do or to become what the stem (following this prefix) refers to · used to indicate that the action (referred to by the stem) has a negative connotation (for the direct object of the stem) · to move or change in the manner specified by the stem
köken: The result of a merger of two Middle Dutch prefixes: * Middle Dutch er-, an unstressed variant of ur-, or- (modern oor-), from Old Dutch ur-, ir-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. * Middle Dutch ver-, from Old Dutch fir-, far-, itself from a mixture of Proto-Germanic *firi-, *furi-, *fra- and other similar particles. The first origin is cognate with Old High German ur-,…
fore-, pre-, before; related to German vor-, emphasis on 1st syllable, see also före- · en-, up, be-, an intensifier; related to German ver-, emphasis on 2nd syllable
köken: From Old Norse for-, fyr-, fir-, Proto-Germanic *fra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before, in front of”).
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Latin con- Inherited from Proto-Italic *kom-. Related to the preposition cum (“with”).