köken: From *boyunduruq-sïz (“without a yoke”), from *boyun-turuq (“yoke; any piece of clothes or harness that is related to neck”), from Proto-Turkic *bōyn (“neck”). Compare Karakhanid [script needed] (boyunturuq, “yoke”); Kyrgyz моюнтурук (moyunturuk, “yoke”), Azerbaijani boyunduruq (“yoke”), Uzbek boʻyinturuq (“yoke”), Turkish boyunduruk (“yoke”); also Khakas мойдырых (moydırıx, “collar”), Tuvan…
köken: From αν- (an-, α- privative) + εξαρτώ (exartó, “depend upon or owe [one’s] existence to”) + -τος (-tos, adjectival suffix), calque of French indépendant. First attested 1829.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne Proto-Slavic *ne Old Polish nie Old Polish nie- Polish nie- Polish podległy Polish niepodległy From nie- + podległy.
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian آزاد (āzād), from Middle Persian ʾcʾt' (āzād, “noble; free”), from Old Persian *𐎠𐏀𐎠𐎫 (āzāta-), from Proto-Iranian *āzāta-. Compare Bengali আজাদ (ajad), Punjabi ਅਜ਼ਾਦ (azād).
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Italic *n̥- Latin in- Latin dēpendēns Latin indēpendēns From in- + dēpendēns.