Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X". · Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X". · Forming collective nouns.
eş: -ment
köken: Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.
an action or process · the result of an action or process · a state or quality
köken: From the Latin suffix -ātiō. This suffix was formed from verbs of the first conjugation (-āre), and is therefore a variety of the more general -tiō (from which Dutch -tie).
added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action · designates a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities
köken: From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.
Usually added to foreign verbs to form nouns of actions or processes, like English -ation, -tion.
köken: Ultimately from Latin -atio; found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare English -ation, French -ation, Spanish -ación, German -azion, Italian -zione).
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiōnemlbor. Portuguese -ção Learned borrowing from Latin -tiōnem. The suffix is in many cases a semi-learned form partially borrowed from Latin to make new words, but also corresponds with the old inherited form that it was based on (as evidenced by words such as canção), which…