köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European *os Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam Middle Persian -stʾn' Persian ـستان From Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stānaʰ/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Ossetian -ыстон (-yston),…
Suffix to form country names when added to names of ethnic groups. · Suffix to form place of something.
köken: From Persian ـِسْتَانْ (-estân, “place of”), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n), from Proto-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).
кыргыз (kırgız, “Kyrgyz”) + -стан (-stan) → Кыргызстан (Kırgızstan, “Kyrgyzstan”)
өзбек (özbek, “Uzbek”) + -стан (-stan) → Өзбекстан (Özbekstan, “Uzbekistan”)
Suffix to form country names when added to names of ethnic groups.
köken: From Persian ـِسْتَانْ (-estân, “place of”), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n), from Proto-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam (“position, location, place”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).
-y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs · -ed (when attached to a compound of an adjective and a noun or verb it describes)
köken: From earlier -ig, -og, from Middle Low German -ich and Old Swedish -ogher, from Old Norse -agr, -ugr, -igr, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Cognate with Old English -ig, whence English -y. Compare -og, avog, avig and -ot.
is (“ice”) + -ig → isig (“icy”)
kunna (“be able to, know”) + -ig → kunnig (“knowledgeable”)
Forms the present active participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ing, but sometimes also -ish. · Forms an adjective from a noun.
köken: From Proto-Finnic *-pa, from Proto-Uralic *-pa. In the participial sense, the Finnish form descends from the weak-grade variant *-ba, which was eventually extended by analogy to all verbs. The original strong grade remains as -pa in a few words (e.g. syöpä, käypä, kaikkivoipa), but these have lost their verbal meaning. The adjective ending has also been generalized to its weak form (*-ba) through…
kirjoittaa (“to write”) + -va → kirjoittava (“writing, that writes”)
Added to form names of places or administrative units that the person / people of the main word govern(-s).
köken: Ultimately from Latin -ia or Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εία (-eía); found almost exclusively in words borrowed from other languages (compare German, French -ie).
köken: From Middle Welsh gwlat, from Old Welsh gulat, from Proto-Brythonic *gwlad, from Proto-Celtic *wlatis (“sovereignty”); from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wélh₁tis ~ *h₂wl̥h₁téy-, from the root *h₂welh₁-.
aile: bardd gwlad, canu gwlad, cymanwlad, diffynwlad, estynwlad, Gwlad Belg, Gwlad Groeg, gwlad heb iaith, gwlad heb genedl, Gwlad Pwyl, Gwlad Thai
köken: From Old Irish tír, from Proto-Celtic *tīros, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”), i.e. “dry land” as opposed to lake or sea. Cognates include English thirst, Latin terra.
aile: alltathír, i dtír, míntír, mórthír, tír chluiche, Tír Eoghain, tír mór, Tír na mBascach, Tír na nÓg, tírdhreach
Etimoloji
Borrowed from Latin -ia, a suffix used to create abstract nouns, and from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia).