köken: Inherited from Old Spanish firme, inherited from Vulgar Latin *fīrmis, from Latin firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). The preservation of initial /f/ is irregular, but Coromines & Pascual reject the possibility of the word being a borrowing.
aile: a pie firme, de firme, en firme, firmemente, mantenerse firme, sentencia firme, tierra firme
upright, vertical (now uncommon as an independent adjective)
çekim: karşılaştırma pystympi · üstünlük pystyin
köken: From Proto-Finnic *pistü, equivalent to pistää (“to stab, sting, prick”) + -y. The expected form pisty is dialectal; the initial vowel has labialized as a result of the latter vowel (compare pystyä, from pistää + -yä). Related to Estonian püsti, Karelian pisty, Livonian pistõ, Veps püšt and Votic pissü.