köken: From Middle Dutch hacke, from Middle Low German hakke, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hak(k)-, perhaps related to *hakô. Cognate with German Hacke.
aile: met de hakken over de sloot, naaldhak, op de hak nemen
köken: A loanword, however its origin is debated: # Borrowed from a Turkic language. Compare Chagatai [script needed] (čaqan, “battle-axe”). # Borrowed from a Slavic language. Compare Slovene čekan (“tusk”), Czech čakan (“mattock”).
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *motyka. There is no consensus on further origin: * Indo-Europeanists treat it as a wanderwort, akin to Latin mateola, Proto-West Germanic *mattjuk; * Some Slavists (e.g. Mladenov) are leaned to consider it as native, (synchronically) derived from мота́я (motája, “to reel”) + -ика (-ika).
hoe (a gardening tool consisting of a handle and a sharp piece of metal, used for softening the soil or destroying weeds)
çekim: çoğul kapļi · tamlayan kapļa
köken: From the same stem as the verb kapāt (“to chop”) (q.v.): Proto-Baltic *kap- + -lis, from the o grade *kop- of Proto-Indo-European *kep-, *skep- “to cut, to slice (with an instrument).”
köken: Closely resembles Scottish Gaelic caibe (“mattock”), but deriving the -b- in both Gaelic and Welsh from a common inherited source is difficult. Given that the Gaelic word is not found in Irish, it is possible to postulate that the Gaelic word is a borrowing from a Brittonic substrate language.