köken: From Old French -ance, from Latin -antia and -entia. Compare Spanish -anza, -enza, Italian -anza, -enza, Portuguese -ança, -ença, Romanian -ință. Cognate to French -ence.
Suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives. A less productive alternative to -ость (-ostʹ), except after щ, where it is the regular suffix. · Suffix forming nouns with the meaning of a group of things characterized by the quality designated by the adjectives from which the nouns are formed. · Suffix forming nouns of various sorts from miscellaneous parts of speech.
köken: Probably originated from the suffix -ость (-ostʹ) added to words ending in -ный (-nyj), and was then extracted by rebracketing as a productive suffix. The same thing happened with e.g. -тельный (-telʹnyj) and English -ness.
гото́вый (gotóvyj, “ready”) → гото́вность (gotóvnostʹ, “readiness”) (no such word *гото́вный exists, making it a special case.)
о́бщий (óbščij, “general, common”) → о́бщность (óbščnostʹ, “generality, community”) (no such word *о́бщный exists)
Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun or adjective denoting a property or state of being. · Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun denoting a group or compendium of things. · Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun with a broader, generalized meaning.
Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion
köken: * From Ancient Greek -τητᾰ (-tētă), the accusative form of -της (-tēs). * In post-Classical and Modern Greek, inherited formations in -της (-tēs) were reanalyzed as containing a productive abstract-noun suffix -ότητα (-ótēta); e.g. ἰδιότης (idiótēs) → ἰδιότητα (idiótita).
Productive suffix giving an adjective a nounal meaning; -ness, -ity
köken: From Old Swedish -het, which is borrowed from Middle Low German -heit, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Cognate with Danish -hed, German -heit, Dutch -heid, English -hood.
appended to adjectives to form names of abstract concepts, especially feelings; -ness, -hood
eş: -ota
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis Proto-Slavic *-ostь Old Polish -ość Polish -ość Inherited from Old Polish -ość. Doublet of -oza.
köken: First from Proto-Italic *-itāts and *-otāts, i.e. -tās added to i-stems or o-stems, later used freely. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts.
Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; function is similar to -ty and -ness.
köken: From Old Danish -het, from Middle Low German -heit, from Old Saxon -hēd. Cognate with Norwegian -het, Swedish -het, German -heit, Dutch -heid and English -hood.
köken: Latinism, learned borrowing from Latin -itās. * Displaced Dutch borrowings -itet and -iteit. Coined by Indonesian politician Mohammad Yamin between 1953 and 1955, to mediate difference of 2 schools how to Indonesianise Dutch -iteit; there were two different opinions put forward -itet and -itit.
Usually added to foreign adjectives to form abstract nouns, like English -ity (sometimes with more concrete meanings: e.g., universitāte).
köken: Ultimately from Latin -itatem, the accusative of -itas; found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare English -ity, German -ität, French -ité, Italian -ità, Spanish -idad, Portuguese -idade, Romanian -itate).