A nation. · A nation other than Israel. · gentile (a non-Jewish person), goy
çekim: çoğul גּוֹיִים
köken: Uncertain, possibly related to גֵּו (gév, “body, torso”), i.e. an ”ethnic body”. Hans Bauer instead suggests a qatl- derivation from גָּאָה (gaʼá, “to rise”), as in Arabic قَوْم (qawm, “nation”) from قَامَ (qāma) and جَيْش (jayš, “troop”) from جَاشَ (jāša). The semantic shift to "member of another nation" had already begun in antiquity, appearing in extrabiblical sources such as the Damascus…
Roman clan (related by birth or marriage and sharing a common name and often united by certain religious rites) · stock, tribe · nation, country
çekim: çoğul gentēs · tamlayan gentis
köken: From Proto-Italic *gentis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis, from root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to beget, to give birth”). See also generō, genus, gignō. Cognate with English kind, Sanskrit जाति (jāti), Ancient Greek γένος (génos) and Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), whence English genesis.