köken: Probably an ancient Aramaic borrowing, given that widespread Northeastern Neo-Aramaic ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqa, “cardoon”) has another widespread variant ܩܰܩܢܳܐ (qaqna). For ܩ (q) giving ک (k) see کما (komâ, “Ferula”), for the ر (r) شنار (šenâr, “swimming; horehound”) in place of شنا (šenâ), though trailing extension of a root by ر (r) within Semitic is also very often observed, so either way a match is…
cardoon, artichoke thistle, ground thistle, prickly artichoke, Cynara cardunculus (perennial thistle native to the western and central Mediterranean region with many cultivated forms, including the globe artichoke)
köken: Cognate with Latvian usna (“thistle”) and probably with dialectal Proto-Slavic *ušь (“carduoid”) (whence Old East Slavic оушь (ušĭ)), for Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?] (“thistle”). Further origin uncertain. Possibly derived from the oblique ablaut-grade of Proto-Indo-European *wósHr̥ ~ *usHén-, whence Sanskrit उष्ण (uṣṇa, “onion”), Latin ūniō (“onion”).
mays a terra mays lle criaua cardos et espyñas et outras eruas et cousas danosas que o estoruauam que [nõ] o que el semẽtaua
Etimoloji
From Middle High German distel, from Old High German distil, from Proto-West Germanic *þistil, from Proto-Germanic *þistilaz, which see for cognates. The alternative long-vowel pronunciation is based on Middle Low German dîstel (alongside distel), whose length is unexplained (cf. the same in Middle Dutch diestel, Early Modern Dutch dijstel).