tsar, Russian emperor · king (figuratively, or referring to ancient or non-European monarchs)
çekim: çoğul цари́ · tamlayan царя́
eş: коро́ль
köken: Etymology tree Latin Caesarbor. Proto-Germanic *kaisarazder. Proto-Slavic *cěsařь Old East Slavic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ) Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ) Russian царь Inherited from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of ка́йзер (kájzer), ке́сарь (késarʹ), це́зарь (cézarʹ),…
an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan · an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate · a person having a strength or profession in a particular field of study or expertise
köken: From Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang) with the original sense of “heavenly sovereign”. The 呉(ご)音(おん) (goon, literally “Wu sound”) pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese. The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連(れん)声(じょう)).
czar, tsar, tzar (title of the former emperors of Russia)
çekim: çoğul carowie · tamlayan cara
eş: cesarz
köken: Etymology tree Latin Caesarbor. Proto-Germanic *kaisarazder. Proto-Slavic *cěsařь Old East Slavic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ) Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ) Russian царь (carʹ)bor. Polish car Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ). Doublet of cesarz, cezar, and kajzer.
köken: Borrowed from Old Swedish keysar, keysare, from Middle Low German keiser, from Old High German keisar, keisur, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of tsaari.
köken: Etymology tree Latin Caesarbor. Proto-Germanic *kaisarazder. Proto-Slavic *cěsařь Old Czech ciesař Czech císař Inherited from Old Czech ciesař, from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь.
köken: Inherited from Latin imperātor, possibly through a Vulgar Latin root *imperātus. Compare Megleno-Romanian ạmpirat, and also Albanian mbret. Doublet of imperator.
Sino-Vietnamese word from 皇帝, composed of 皇 (“sovereign”) and 帝 (“emperor”), the titles of Chinese creator gods, from Middle Chinese 皇帝 (hwang tejᴴ). The form huỳnh đế with the Southern reading of the first character is obsolete aside from the compound cua huỳnh đế (“Ranina ranina”).