barely, hardly (qualifying verbs or adjectives) · barely any, almost no (qualifying amounts) · difficult, nearly impossible
eş: wenig, schwerlich
köken: From Middle High German kūme, from Old High German kūmo, from Proto-Germanic *kūmaz, *kūmijaz (“weak, pitiful, frail”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”). Cognate with English comely and archaic Dutch kuim (“barely”).
🔊 Ich kann das kaum lesen.
🔊 Die Handschrift ist kaum lesbar.
🔊 Wir haben kaum noch Geld.
barely, scarcely, hardly
eş: juste, en tout et pour tout, rien que, seulement, ne pas faire semblant, énormément
köken: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad poenam. Compare Italian appena, etc.
🔊 Il y a à peine trente personnes au concert ce soir.
🔊 À peine avait-il achevé ces paroles qu'une voiture s'arrêta devant la porte.
🔊 Nous avons à peine fait connaissance.
barely, scarcely · recently, just · as soon as
köken: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with an additional adverbial /-s/ (compare mientras < Latin dum interim).
aile: apenas si, apenitas
🔊 Apenas logré terminar el proyecto a tiempo.
🔊 Apenas nos alcanza para el próximo mes.
🔊 Tiene apenas cinco añitos.
scarcely, barely
köken: Inconclusive. Whilst its current definition was long thought to have come from Indonesian hampir due to its exclusive presence in Dutch (and no other Germanic language), this would not explain its high and almost universal usage in Flemish. More likely would be if it originated on Dutch soil. In that case, the meaning would have changed somewhat from the earlier Middle Dutch amper (“sour”) –…
🔊 Dat is amper de moeite waard!
badly (in a faulty, dysfunctional or incorrect manner) · hardly; barely · wrong (incorrect)
çekim: çoğul males
eş: escassamente, insatisfatoriamente, pouco, custosamente, precariamente, equivocadamente
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese mal, from Latin male (“badly; wrongly”).
🔊 O carro está a funcionar/funcionando bem mal.
🔊 (O) João fala inglês mal.
🔊 Ele mal consegue estudar com todo este barulho.
indefinite neuter singular of knapp
🔊 Det är knappt tre veckor kvar till presidentvalet.
🔊 Sommaren 2010 är knappt slut.
hardly (barely, only just)
eş: stěží, taktak, těžko, ledva, bodej
köken: Inherited from Old Czech sotva. From sotně inspired by ledva.
barely, hardly, scarcely
köken: Lexicalization of al (“lower part”) + -ig (terminative case suffix).
aile: alig-alig, aligha, alighogy, alig áll a lábán, alig vár
scarcely; hardly; by no means; not; not at all
köken: Possibly from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Cornish gow (“lie”).
aile: hauddum, haudquāquam
🔊 Haud ambiguē tum in eum, cui rēgnum dēstinābātur, ingessit probra.
🔊 Haud istūc rogō. Fuistīn līber? – Fuī. That's hardly what I’m asking about. Were you a freeman? – I was.
🔊 … super exuviās ēnsemque relictum / effigiemque torō locat, haud ignāra futūrī.
hardly, barely · just (about the time)
köken: Inherited from Old Church Slavonic ѥдъва (jedŭva), from Proto-Slavic *edъva.
🔊 едва́ когато започна да вали силно, се скрих.
it is unlikely · it is hardly the case, it is scarcely the case
🔊 Ní móide dhó teacht.
🔊 Ní móide go ndúirt sé é.
🔊 Ní móide go n-éireoidh leis.
scarcely; barely; hardly
köken: From French à peine, Italian appena, and/or Spanish apenas (“barely”) + -aŭ.
🔊 La malriĉuloj apenaŭ havas sufiĉan manĝaĵon.