gymnastics, exercises, calisthenics · physical education, PE (replaced by the term 体育 (taiiku))
çekim: geçmiş 体操した
köken: Apparently coined in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 体 (tai, “body”) + 操 (sō, “control, manipulate”). First cited in education-related materials from the early Meiji Period in the early 1870s, as part of educational reforms that included the addition of physical education to school curricula.
gymnastics (movement exercises that are performed in order to be physically fitter) · gymnastics (sport involving the performance of sequences of movements requiring physical strength, flexibility, and kinesthetic awareness) · physical education
çekim: tamlayan gimnastyki
köken: Internationalism; compare English gymnastics, French gymnastique, German Gymnastik, ultimately from Ancient Greek γυμναστική (gumnastikḗ).
köken: A literary loan from Icelandic íþrótt, during a surging interest for Norse culture and literature during the 19th century. Compare Swedish idrott, and Norwegian idrett, also borrowed from Icelandic. Ultimately from Old Norse íþrótt.