caudillo (a military dictator, especially in Latin American) · a local violent and authoritarian political leader; a strongman
çekim: çoğul caudilhos
köken: Borrowed from Spanish caudillo, from Old Spanish cabdiello, from Late Latin capitellum, based on Latin capitem. Doublet of cabedelo, coudel, capitel, capitelo, and cadete.
a commander of troops, especially of an expeditionary or frontline force · synonym of 将官 (shōkan): a general officer · a shogun, supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan
köken: /sʲaːᵑ kun/ → /ɕauɡun/ → /ɕɔːɡun/ → /ɕoːɡun/ From Middle Chinese compound 將軍 (MC tsjang kjun). Compare modern Hokkien 將軍 /将军 (chiong-kun / chiang-kun), Eastern Min 將軍 /将军 (ciŏng-gŭng). The “shogun” sense is originally short for 征夷大将軍 (seii taishōgun, literally “commander in chief of the expeditionary force to expel barbarians”).
köken: From вой (voj, “army”) (dated) + -е- (-e-) + нача́лник (načálnik, “conductor, leader”), a calque of Ancient Greek στρατηγός (stratēgós) (or formed in the same logic as it). Compare the Germanic borrowing херцо́г (hercóg, “duke”) from Proto-Germanic *harjatugô (“army commander”).