köken: From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /jaw/), from Old Persian *yáwaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *yáwah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”).
barley (Hordeum spp., particularly Hordeum vulgare) · barley seed, used for brewing beer
köken: From Middle Dutch gerste, from Old Dutch *gersta, from Proto-West Germanic *gerstu, from Proto-Germanic *gerstō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰersd-. Cognate with Limburgish gaes, gaers, West Flemish gerst, Zealandic gêêste, gaste, Old Saxon gersta, Middle Low German gerste, German Low German Garste, Plautdietsch Joascht, Old Frisian *jerste, Saterland Frisian Jäärste, Jüste, West Frisian garst,…
barley (strong cereal of the genus Hordeum, or its grains)
çekim: çoğul cevadas
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese cevada (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cibāta. Cognate with Galician cebada, Spanish cebada and Catalan and Occitan civada.
köken: First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 보리 (Yale: pwòlì). Cho Hang-bum believes that the prefix is from a reference to barley as an inferior or an "approximate" rice.
barley (plant or grain) · barley (Hordeum vulgare) · barley (any plant in the genus Hordeum)
çekim: çoğul ohrat · tamlayan ohran
köken: From Proto-Finnic *ocra, borrowed either from Proto-Baltic *aśras (“sharp”) or from Proto-Iranian *Hacra-. Cognates include Estonian oder, Ingrian odra, Karelian osra, Veps ozr.
barley · stye, hordeolum (a bacterial infection in the eyelash or eyelid)
çekim: çoğul árpák
köken: Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *arpa. The sense “bacterial infection of the eye” is perhaps a calque of scientific Latin hordeolum (“stye”), from Latin hordeolus.