to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) · to (used to connect a sequence of actions) · so long as (used to express a wish for anything)
eş: żeby, ażeby, by, iżby
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Proto-Slavic *by univ. Proto-Slavic *aby Old Polish aby Polish aby Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.
so that, in order that, for the purpose that · synonym of että (“that; conjunction indicating that the subordinate clause is the object of the verb of the main clause”)
köken: From Proto-Finnic *jotta. Equivalent to jo- (relative pronoun) + -tta.
how? in what way? · as, being, in the role of, in the capacity of, as natural for · where
köken: Some supposed ut < uti < utī < utei < *utai < *uta + i, with this *uta corresponding to ita (and utinam < *utanam). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís, *kʷos and *só. See ubi for the loss of c. Jussive and optative sentences were often followed by some adverbial ut(i), originally meaning "in some way" (sometimes interchangeable with instrumental qui (“by some means”)). Ut becoming…