köken: From Middle High German spāt (less often also spăt, possibly by confusion with etymology 2 below). There are no known cognates, but probably related to Span (“shaving, clipping”).
köken: From esparver, from Provençal esparvier, via Frankish *sparwō from Proto-Germanic *sparwô, *sparwaz (“sparrow”) (since horses infected with spavin were said to walk like sparrows).
rat (without any qualifying adjective sensu strictu referring to Rattus gen. et spp. and Meriones gen. et spp.)
çekim: çoğul جِرْذان · tamlayan جُرَذٍ
köken: From the root ج ر د (j r d) related to gnawing the exterior off, a variation like in the also common جِذْر (jiḏr, “root”) from ج د ر (j d r). In dialects also جُرْذ (jurḏ), and جُرْد (jurd), but a stop for this spirant is common in dialects. It finds cognates in Mehri gərḏīn (“rat”), Harsusi gerḏīn (“rat”), Classical Syriac ܓܪܕܐ (garḏā, “beaver”), Akkadian 𒂵𒊑𒁺 (/gāridu/, “beaver”) and is…
köken: Inherited from Prakrit हड्ड (haḍḍa) (see there for more) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-) without cluster simplification, or directly borrowed from Sanskrit हड्ड (haḍḍa). Displaced Hindi हाड़ (hāṛ). Cognate with Punjabi ਹੱਡਾ (haḍḍā).
köken: Attested since circa 1409. From Old French esparvain (French éparvin), from Frankish *sparwō, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sparwô, *sparwaz (“sparrow”).