at (approximately) the same moment, when, while, as · than · To the same degree that, as (distinguished from the aforementioned use in that comparison was between equals)
eş: wie, während
köken: From Middle High German alles, from Old High German also, alsō (“as, like”); equivalent to all + so. Compare English as.
therefore, thus, consequently · that is, that is to say, (by being synonymous with that is in some cases) in other words, I mean · A filler, often with a somewhat intensifying effect.
köken: Borrowed from Low German also. Compare allt and så. Cognate to Norwegian Bokmål altså and Norwegian Nynorsk altso.
clarifying or connective particle; as in, in other words, i.e., or, that is to say · synonym of czy
eş: to znaczy, to jest, innymi słowy
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷ- Proto-Indo-European *kʷí- Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁ Proto-Slavic *či Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *lei Proto-Slavic *li univ. Proto-Slavic *či li Old Polish czyli Polish czyli Inherited from Old Polish czyli. By surface analysis, univerbation of czy + li.
Kupiłem książkę o Bolesławie I Chrobrym, czyli pierwszym królu Polski.