A common expression used on a variety of holidays and other occasions, corresponding, depending on the case, to happy New Year, happy birthday, congratulations, etc.
köken: Literally, “to/for many years”. Calque of Byzantine Greek εἰς ἔτη πολλά (eis étē pollá). Compare Bulgarian за много години (za mnogo godini), Albanian për shumë vjet, Serbo-Croatian за много годинa, Aromanian ti multsã anj.
Happy New Year; a common greeting on and around Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year.
köken: Clipping of לְשָׁנָה טוֹבָה תִּכָּתֵב (“may you be inscribed for a good year”), a phrase suggested in the Shulchan Arukh (Orach Chayim 582:9). The abbreviated form is equivalent to שָׁנָה (shaná, “year”) + טוֹבָה (tová, “good”), hence literally “good year”.